Mystic Stone Castle Built by 17th-Century Danish King's Illegitimate Offspring Unearthed in Norway_我的网站
A | A mystic stone castle hidden under the ground for hundreds of years, has been found in Larvik municipality in southern Norway.,The castle has long been considered a mystery, baffling Norwegian historians. It was erected by Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, a Danish officer and Governor-general of Norway between 1664 to 1699. He was the illegitimate son of King Frederik III, and a very powerful man himself. After a detailed account of “Gyldenløve's stone castle” were found almost 20 years ago in the State Archives, the search began in earnest, national broadcaster NRK reported.,According to the archives, the construction of thecastle began in the 1690s and was completed by 1704, the same year that Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve died. He himself never got a chance to use it. The castle was demolished about 1760, when the ground gave way and cracks started to appear.,A new master's thesis paved the way for the excavation carried out by the Department of Landscape Architecture, the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and local archeologists. Historian,Undis Furuberg interpreted the remains of the historic manor garden, and suggesteda new calculation for where the building could be located.,Incidentally, the very same day the excavations began, archeologists hit paydirt, uncovering parts of the castle wall. Bit by bit, the foundations that have been hidden underground for several hundred years were revealed.,“It is so big that it is the National Day and Christmas Eve at the same time”, Aina Aske, project manager at the Vestfold Museums, told NRK, voicing surprise over how much of the walls have been preserved.,The excitement wasshared by her colleagues.,“This is an adventure. It is a wall that lies between one and almost two meters below the ground, and which has not been exposed to the light for a very long time”, archeologist Trude Aga Brun said.,According to Aske, the ambition is for the castle to become a tourist attraction.,WorldArchaeological Sensation as Ancient Mythical Castle Discovered on Swedish Island3 August 2021, 06:39 GMT,Gyldenløve was one of the leading general of the Danish-Swedish Scanian war 1675-79, in which an offensive from Norway forced Sweden to defend from a two-pronged attack. In Norway, where he was Governor general, he founded the city of Laurvig (modern-day Larvik) and was made its Count. In Larvik, he is remembered for the construction of several buildings, including the local church.。
By Anthony C. Didlake Jr.
Of all the hazards that hurricanes bring, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. It can sweep homes off their foundations, flood riverside communities miles inland, and break up dunes and levees that normally protect coastal areas against storms.
As a hurricane reaches the coast, it pushes a huge volume of ocean water ashore. This is what we call storm surge.
This surge appears as a gradual rise in the water level as the storm approaches. Depending on the size and track of the hurricane, storm surge flooding can last for several hours. It then recedes after the storm passes.
Water level heights during a hurricane can reach 20 feet or more above normal sea level. With powerful waves on top of it, a hurricane’s storm surge can cause catastrophic damage.
What determines how high storm surge gets?
Storm surge begins over the open ocean. The strong winds of a hurricane push the ocean waters around and cause water to pile up under the storm. The low air pressure of the storm also plays a small role in lifting the water level. The height and extent of this pile of water depend on the strength and size of the hurricane.
As this pile of water moves toward the coast, other factors can change its height and extent.
If a coastal area has a sea floor that gently slopes away from the coastline, it’s more likely to see a higher storm surge than an area with a steeper drop-off. Gentle slopes along the Louisiana and Texas coasts have contributed to some devastating storm surges. Hurricane Katrina’s surge in 2005 broke levees and flooded New Orleans. Hurricane Ike’s 15- to 17-foot storm surge and waves swept hundreds of homes off Texas’ Bolivar Peninsula in 2008. Both were large, powerful storms that hit in vulnerable locations.
The shape of the coastline can also shape the surge. When storm surge enters a bay or river, the geography of the land can act as a funnel, sending the water even higher.
Other factors that shape storm surge
Ocean tides – caused by the gravity of the moon and sun – can also strengthen or weaken the impact of storm surge. So, it’s important to know the timing of the local tides compared to the hurricane landfall.
At high tide, the water is already at an elevated height. If landfall happens at high tide, the storm surge will cause even higher water levels and bring more water further inland. The Carolinas saw those effects when Hurricane Isaias hit at close to high tide on Aug. 3, 2020. Isaias brought a storm surge of about 4 feet at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, but the water level was more than 10 feet above normal.
How storm surge and high tide add up to coastal flooding.(The COMET Program/UCAR and National Weather Service)
Sea level rise is another growing concern that influences storm surge.
As water warms, it expands, and that has slowly raised sea level over the past century as global temperatures have risen. Freshwater from melting of ice sheets and glaciers also adds to sea level rise. Together, they elevate the background ocean height. When a hurricane arrives, the higher ocean means storm surge can bring water further inland, to a more dangerous and widespread effect.
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