作者:公密 来源:原创 时间:2026-08-26 阅读:5830 次

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对比中外车企,未见恒大式车企,但供应链融资或是另个问题_我的网站

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一 |     TEL AVIV, Israel -- Ayelet and Or Sella both pause for a few seconds as they recall the moment they were finally able to embrace their cousins Judith and Natalie Raanan at home in Israel a day after the mother and teenage daughter were released by their militant captors in the neighboring Gaza Strip."I realized I hadn't breathed for two weeks," Ayelet told ABC News' Matt Gutman in Tel Aviv during an interview airing Monday on "Good Morning America.""I've never felt a hug this intense in my life," Or added.But the nightmare is far from over as eight of their family members are still being held hostage by the Hamas militant group in Gaza. Three other relatives were killed. Ayelet and Or, who are siblings, are calling on the Israeli government to secure the release of the remaining hostages before launching a ground invasion into Gaza."We hope that they are alive. We hope that they are not injured," Or told ABC News. "And we hope and urge anyone that has any influence to do everything they can to bring them back as soon as possible.""We don't have the privilege to be happy or to celebrate. We don't have the privilege to mourn," Ayelet added. "We cannot rest. Getting Judith and Natalie back, it is not the end. It is the beginning."Judith, 59, and Natalie, 17, who both have dual Israeli-American citizenship and reside in Evanston, Illinois, were visiting family in southern Israel to celebrate a relative's birthday and the Jewish holidays when Hamas carried out an unprecedented incursion from Gaza on Oct. 7. More than 1,400 people were killed, thousands more were injured and over 200 were abducted that day, according to the Israel Defense Forces."It was unimaginable then and it still is," Ayelet said. "We haven't slept ever since and we cry at night."The Israeli military has responded with a total siege and blockade of Gaza, sparking a humanitarian crisis while killing at least 4,385 people and injuring 13,561 in the Hamas-ruled territory since Oct. 7, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health.Over the weekend, the Israel Defense Forces announced it "will deepen our attacks to minimize the dangers to our forces in the next stages of the war," indicating a ground invasion appeared imminent.Judith and Natalie were the first hostages to be freed on Oct. 20. Hamas said in a statement at the time that it released them for humanitarian reasons in an agreement brokered by the government of Qatar.Israeli Agriculture Minister Avi Dichter, a former chief of the Shin Bet security agency, told ABC News last week that officials will do everything they can to secure the release of all hostages but that the "first and last priority" is destroying Hamas.ABC News has learned that Israeli and U.S. officials have asked Judith and Natalie for any granular details about their ordeal -- like what did they see, hear and smell -- in hopes that the information could provide key intelligence about the remaining hostages.Ayelet and Or said their cousins are "physically healthy right now" and that the pair "kept each other safe" but "it is not our story to tell." They declined to share further details about what the mother and daughter endured in captivity, citing fears that Hamas could take vengeance on their other family members being held."We can't even image what they've been through these last two weeks," Or added. "It's going to take some time to sink in for them."It was also unclear why Judith and Natalie were the first to be freed."I feel so lucky but also a little guilty," Ayelet said. "There are so many others, we don't know why them."Ayelet noted that their family has not been contacted by a representative of the Israeli government "until now."Within hours of being freed, Judith and Natalie spoke on the telephone with U.S. President Joe Biden and expressed their eagerness to help "bring everyone back," according to Or."They are so brave and so strong," Or said."They are handling this better than I would expect," Ayelet added.。

二 |     

行业】5月23日,长城汽车董事长魏建军在一场访谈中提到:汽车行业存在很多不遵守商业规则的现象,比如车企无限度降价,降价背后是偷工减料、质量堪忧。并提出汽车行业的“恒大”已经出现。关于“恒大式”汽车的讨论在网上非常热烈,我们从财报角度,借助网上公开的资料,对比车企和恒大之间的差异,并未发现恒大式车企。
中国车企负债率很高吗?中美车企都差不多汽车产业是重资产行业,根据财报披露的数据,高负债是这个行业的典型特征。在2025年一季度公布了资产负债率的六家车企中,资产负债率几乎都在60%以上,赛力斯作为新选手,负债率76.8%为6家当中最高。但环比去年末数据,所有车企负债率都出现下降,赛力斯降幅最大,达到10.5%。

三 |

中国车企的负债率比对
对比海外车企,除了特斯拉(主要原因是特斯拉并非是一家传统制造业公司,而是一家科技属性更强的公司),其余所有老牌车企负债率也几乎都在60%以上。

四 | 福特、通用汽车等两家美国车企甚至高达84%和76.5%

海外主流车企的负债率普遍较高,特斯拉除外
谁的负债更健康?中美各有差异既然中外车企负债率都很高,那负债的结构就是重点。海外车企当中,有息负债占到绝大多数,丰田、福特、本田等占总负债比重都超过60%,而特斯拉又是最亮眼,有息负债仅17%。
2024年海外车企的负债结构,有息负债为主,特斯拉除外
中国车企的有息负债明显更低,除了蔚来的22%占比,其余车企都在10%上下,赛力斯、长安等车企几乎为0。中国车企的负债大多来自供应商的应付款等赊销方式,相当于变相向产业链上下游公司融资。这个主要原因是来自中外金融市场成熟程度差异,海外车企更容易从金融市场借钱,负债以有息负债为主。
2024年中国车企的负债结构,有息负债很低,供应链融资为主
从负债角度看,车企和恒大有本质区别。恒大暴雷之前,2019年底恒大总资产约2.21万亿,总负债高达1.84万亿元,资产负债率约83.3%但和车企不同的地方在于,恒大的有息负债为1万亿,其中约75%是各类高息贷款、理财产品融资,境内外债券等,平均融资利息高达9.5%,海外美元债券利率都要10%,甚至更高。公司内部还存在挪用资金、违规质押等操作。

五 | 价格战对车企利润造成严重拖累持续了两年多的价格战已严重压低中国汽车行业的利润空间。据崔东树测算,2022年及之前,中国市场单车利润始终未低于过2万元,2023年和2024年分别降至1.7万元、1.5万元。

六 | 2025年一季度,单车利润进一步降至1.3万元。

汽车行业利润降至历史低位
国家统计局5月27日公布的数据看到,2025年前四个月,国内汽车制造行业利润率刚过4%,处于历史低位。

七 | 2021年至2024年,行业利润率逐年下滑,由6.1%降至4.3%。3月国家发改委刚批评车市无序竞争3月,在出席中国电动汽车百人会论坛时,发改委相关负责人具体指出,当前车市无序竞争问题较为突出,有的企业不惜牺牲利润抢占市场,虚假宣传、恶意抹黑等现象时有发生。这不仅会在短期内造成行业利润下降,长期来看,还将影响技术创新、产品质量安全,削弱产业竞争力。相关负责人称,将着力整治市场乱象,规范竞争秩序。

八 | 没有看到恒大式车企,但要警惕供应链系统性风险近年来汽车行业竞争残酷,无休无止的价格战,多数车企苦不堪言,却又不得不参与其中,行业整体利润空间持续压缩,对中小车企造成较大压力。

九 | 而规模较大的车企在对上游供应商采购环节中,不采用现金支付,越来越多使用承兑汇票,采用赊销的方式向供应商变相融资,将融到的资金用于海外扩张或国内研发、扩产能。

十 | 国内方面,车企为了参与价格战,持续降本,收紧现金流,拉长供应商的还款期。一旦有车企现金流断链,财务压力就会传导至整个产业链,这类系统性风险值得警惕。( 图/文 吴沛哲)

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Published on:15:50:18